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POLAR BEER: CUBAN OR VENEZUELAN?

Published - February 9, 2022
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Polar beer: Cuban or Venezuelan?

The beers that dominate the Cuban market in this sector today due to their quality are undoubtedly Cristal and Bucanero and the older ones remember how Hatuey, Cristal, Tropical and Polar were the preferred brands. That's why I wasn't surprised by the recreation that we Cubans have made of what the Cuba we want is, which is why Hatuey beer, produced in Miami, and an imitation of Cristal, Palma Beer, made in Nicaragua, both with identical presence.

But the lid on the knob was put on by another newcomer to Miami, Mi Cristal, which appears in two versions, one very similar to the Cuban Cristal but with a different look, a Classic one with the Castle and the nose lighthouse in the background and another strong one, with the flavor of the Bucanero and an image very similar to it with its characteristic red corsair.

This made me recapitulate the topic, which is undoubtedly worth it, because some readers have pointed it out to me or want to investigate the reality about Polar beer.

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Polar beer transport 1915

In more than one article I have discussed the history of Cuban drinks and in particular the beers produced in our country and the one that concerns us today: Polar. A slogan from yesteryear, with which Polar beer was promoted: “The beer from town. And the people are not wrong.”

Some readers have defended tooth and nail that Polar is a purely Venezuelan industry, ensuring that in Cuba even the letterhead and the image were copied, with the cursive font and the polar bear that characterizes it. I even went so far as to affirm that the owners of Cuban beer were the pioneers of this company and after the revolution they went to live in Venezuela and recreated their industry there. But the real story is another.

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The original Polar with the bear and everything

At the beginning of the 20th century, exactly in 1911 in the industrial zone of Puentes Grandes, an area where two paper mills are located, the Papelera de Puentes Grandes and the Husillo, the Tropical brewing company, the gas factory and other industries, and exactly in the In the area between the Almendares River and one of its tributaries, the Arroyo Mordazo, the Polar Beer factory is installed, belonging to Compañía Cervecera Internacional SA, with the help of large beer producers from Holland and Boston.

Polar Beer and Polar Trimalta were thus made known at the initiative of two Catalans: Zorrilla and Giraudier, who were also major shareholders of the Cuban Professional Baseball League, which allowed them to monopolize the publicity derived from this sport.

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Thus, on April 23, 1911, it began its operations with a governing body in which Emeterio Zorrilla, owner of the Spanish Gas Lighting Company, which later merged with the Spanish American Light and Power Company Consolidated, president of the Diario de la Marina SA, co-founder of the “Cuban Aviation Company and owner of the Zorrilla plant in Los Arabos, Matanzas, and in which Manuel Otaduy, José Marimón, who was then president of the Spanish Bank of the Island of Cuba where my grandfather held positions of great importance that I have not been able to specify, Esteban Zorrilla's son, Emeterio, who replaced his father as president after his death, Nicolás Sierra and Frank Steinhart, owner of the La Tram company. Havana. Antonio Giraudier was the vice president and largest shareholder; in short, large capitals participated in this company.

La Polar maintained a high level in the beer market in Cuba since its first release on the market, which remained until 1960 when it was expropriated.

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The Polar brand was registered on August 21, 1916, a quarter of a century before its similar brand appeared in Venezuela, on March 14, 1941, according to information from that company, that is, three decades after Polar had been produced in Cuba and participate in the market as one of the main brands of that product. Unlike the Cuban Polar, the Venezuelan also focused on the production and marketing of food.

That is why even though the Venezuelan copied the name and image of the Cuban original, both in its typography and in the polar bear that identifies it, neither has a relationship with the other.

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Cuban beer production.

Cuba had five large beer factories that produced thirty million liters annually. If we see that Cuba then had around six million inhabitants, so consumption can be considered something if we except women, who consumed little, and children.

The three preferred brands were:

Firstly, Hatuey, founded in 1930, was a division of the Bacardi rum company of Santiago de Cuba and which had built factories in Santiago de Cuba, Manacas in the province of Las Villas and in Cotorro, Havana.

La Tropical-Cristal, founded in 1888, owned by the Blanco-Herrera family.

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La Polar, founded in 1911 by the association of Zorrilla and Giraudier.

These three brands were of such quality that there was very little that foreign beers could do to penetrate the domestic market, since they could not compete in quality or price.

This made the Cuban beer businessmen appreciate the people's preference for their products and in reciprocity they provided some social services that they sponsored.

As an example, Blanco Herrera, the main shareholder of Tropical-Cristal, was a sponsor of popular sports, inaugurating in 1929 the Gran Stadium de la Tropical on Avenida 4I in Marianao where the Second Central American Games were held the following year and it became the main baseball stadium in the country.

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La Hatuey and mainly Tropical and Polar, had gardens and halls for popular dances, celebrations and parties, where the price of beer was reduced, so they were frequented by the popular classes.

But the greatest consumption was in wineries, bars and canteens, where people usually went to refresh themselves, play cup and talk with friends and family or listen to their favorite music on the Victrolas that swarmed everywhere and where they could also consume a beer. or a glass, which was cheaper, while they served him a salad that improved in quality as the consumption was repeated, starting with pork rinds and olives until reaching slices of ham and cheese.

And the merchants saw themselves benefiting from the factories, in particular the Polar one, which was the one that began this practice, because with the purchase of beer, they were given metal plates with an engraved bear, which allowed them to purchase ice without any payment, a measure advertising that inevitably had to be imitated by Hatuey and Tropical.

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The Polar Gardens

The gardens of the Polar brewery were as famous as those of its rivals, Tropical and Hatuey.

These gardens were built after those of La Tropical, inaugurated in 1904 and are also located on the banks of the Almendares River, in a place next to the old Forest Park.

The Forest Park, divided into two sectors by Rancho Boyeros Avenue, was the object of my adventures as a child, since we escaped to venture into that forest, until the Sports City was built on its east side. But we also dared to cross the busy avenue to sit at the Luminous Fountain or Paulina's Bidel as it was known and enter the forest on the other side, next to where the brewery and its gardens were located. When we went there we became famous explorers, Kazán the Hunter, Tamakún and even Tarzan felt like we were in that area full of trees, birds, frogs and the occasional jubito,

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The Park had a beautiful gazebo in the Spanish Renaissance style, a beautiful Andalusian patio, in which there was an almond tree and Moorish-style doors, a Japanese garden, with a stone bridge and an Asian-style gazebo, the sports stadium that would be the mecca of football in Cuba, a construction with a Creole atmosphere and a Catalan dome surrounded by palm trees, all on the banks of the Almendares River, then mighty and clean.

Upon entering them, the visitor discovered a haven of peace where they could even enjoy boat rides on the Almendares River and social exchange was encouraged in a relaxed atmosphere.

With abundant and varied flora, the Gardens offered a haven of peace in an area not far from the center of the capital, to which were added different attractions, in particular its party and dance halls, called Trimalta, Criollo, Las Pergolas and Romano, where banquets, weddings, birthdays and fifteenth parties were held, also being the place where the most famous orchestras performed and where beer and Trimalta Polar could be consumed at lower prices than those on the market.

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The current state of the La Polar Gardens is total abandonment, almost all the facilities collapsed or in danger of collapsing and the only attraction that was the object of attention was the well-known La Polar stadium, one of the few places, along with the Campo Armada, I would say, where soccer has been played in Havana for a century.

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If we walk along the banks of the Almendares, now polluted and dirty and with very little flow, we will find a garbage dump and debris of all kinds, while in what remains of the constructions of the gardens, at their risk, some have occupied the buildings illegally. and they have conditioned them to survive poorly.

For the half-century anniversary of the founding of Havana, the Tropical Gardens were restored, but the Polar Gardens, which were once synonymous with fun and beauty, are expected by the revolutionary government to collapse due to the action of time.

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Jose Marti, the drunk

No, it is not about our apostle, but about a friend also named José Marti, who was the Commercial Manager of the brewing company and with whom he had shared Commerce studies at the Jovellanos Campus in the Asturian Center. After many years without seeing each other, we met by chance and he invited me to visit him at his work whenever I wanted.

That's how we coordinated and I showed up one afternoon, at the beginning of the eighties, where I was able to learn for the first time various curiosities of that industry. The production was not even remotely of the quality of before, but there were what they called special broths that were placed in large jugs and jugs that were filled directly in the bottling machine and were taken to different freezers that were in all the offices to workers' consumption. There were also, everywhere, 55-gallon drums cut in half, filled with ice with the so-called “pirey” beer, the one that due to some deficiency the bottle could not be filled to the desired content due to bottling defects.

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There the beer consumption by the workers was brutal and despite my reluctance, I left the place half dizzy and realized that José Martí would arrive home worse than me every day, despite being used to drinking large quantities of beer. beer daily.

There I learned that the best beer is the one consumed directly before bottling, and it is true that it had, to put it in the words of a layman, more beer flavor and was much colder. But I also learned that what the beer bottles or cans said about the alcohol content do not reflect exactly what they say.


As we know, alcoholic beverages contain different amounts of alcohol, rum and whiskey normally have 40 degrees, tequila cannot exceed 38 degrees according to Mexican regulations and so on. Wines generally have between twelve to fifteen percent alcohol, depending on the variety and strain.


But in beers, due to their extensive variety and manufacturing methods and places, they can have from four percent or less alcohol to others that reach twelve degrees or more. In Cuba, the beer with the highest alcohol content was Tropical, with six percent, but there was Tropical 50, a very strong black beer, and Hatuey, the most widely consumed, had productions of 12, 15 and even 18 percent. degrees.
But the most consumed worldwide have between 4.5% and 5.5% alcohol. And it is the blood alcohol level that is used to legally define whether or not you are under the influence of alcohol. This legal blood alcohol limit is between 0.08 and 0.10 in most states in the United States and it is a crime to drive with this blood alcohol level.

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To calculate the blood alcohol content, we must take into account the amount you have drunk and the weight, height and sex and other variables such as the time since it was consumed, but without a doubt, the more you drink, the greater the . And to this is added the alcohol content of the beer.


Generally a bottle or can of beer has a volume of 0.355 liters or 12 ounces with 5% alcohol. This alcohol content is equivalent to 14 grams of alcohol in the blood. This implies that between three and four beers per hour gives us a blood alcohol level of 0.08, that is, 0.8 parts of alcohol per thousand parts of blood and we are facing the alcohol limit for driving in the United States, with a high risk. of causing a traffic accident.
In other words, it is not by chance that the United States is so ruthless with the control of alcohol consumption, which even includes beer and wine and yet it is the country in the world with the most deaths due to traffic accidents, many of them caused by alcohol or drug intoxication of the drivers.

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And I don't forget Polar Trimalta, all the breweries also produced malt, a drink that is popular in Cuba, Venezuela and Panama, but is totally unknown in countries like Argentina and Mexico. There is malt with and without alcohol, but in my time, the best were the Malta Hatuey (the malt of the champions that the boxer El Niño Valdés announced, where he said that with a steak and a Malta Hatuey he beat everything. the world) and Trimalta, which was also very famous for its quality, all had a small percentage of alcohol.

But Cubans, always inventing with what we have left over, sugar (or we had left over), gave rise to a delight, a bomb of glucose and power and flavor: malt with condensed milk. And many remember that for that they preferred Trimalta Polar because it foamed a lot.

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A conclusive statement

The truth is that the Polar brand was registered on August 21, 1916 and the first Polar beer was manufactured in April 1911, at the Compañía Cervecera Internacional SA factory, in Puentes Grandes, Havana, Cuba. The one in Venezuela emerged in 1941 as a copy of the one that had already existed in Cuba thirty years before.

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It is not documented that the Cuban owners of the Cuban brewery, once their company was expropriated by the revolution, have settled in Venezuela, another issue that must be ruled out.

Therefore we are faced with an obvious plagiarism of the brand, the name and its image, which may have been very successful, but is not the original.

Personally, I did not like Polar beer very much, I found it very watery and soft and I like strong and bitter beers, such as Tropical, but I cannot fail to recognize that it had a very good reputation in Cuba and a large market. The slogan “Polar, the popular beer” was not in vain.

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By CARLOSBU@
60731251096d79824e9134ac1f830a9e?s=100&d
CARLOSBU@

Cuban, Industrial Engineer living in Miami with experience in the area of IT, economics and administration.

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